Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• Maria, S. D., (2025), "Mass Emigration and the 1860 Unification of Italy", HSSCommons: (DOI: )

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1. annexation
2. debate
3. emigration
4. Italian Canadiana
5. poverty
6. South
7. steamship
8. work

Original publication: Maria, Salvatore Di. "Mass Emigration and the 1860 Unification of Italy." Italian Canadiana 31: 2022. 9-36. DOI: 10.33137/ic.v31i.39174. This material has been re-published in an unmodified form on the Canadian HSS Commons with the permission of Iter Canada / Italian Canadiana. Copyright © the author(s). Their work is distributed by Italian Canadiana under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.