Marguerite de Navarre, a Nicodemite? Adiaphora and Intention in Heptaméron 30, 65, and 72

By Scott Francis

This article situates Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron within the reformist debate over adiaphora, or theologically indifferent matters made righteous or sinful by the believer’s intentions and conscience. It discusses how adiaphora and their…

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This article situates Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron within the reformist debate over adiaphora, or theologically indifferent matters made righteous or sinful by the believer’s intentions and conscience. It discusses how adiaphora and their implications for Christian liberty and Catholic devotional practices are understood differently by the schismatic reformers (Luther and Calvin) and the non-schismatic reformers (Erasmus, Lefèvre, Roussel), and how Marguerite ultimately sides with the latter in Tales 30, 65, and 72 of the Heptaméron, which emphasize the primacy of intention and conscience over external ceremony. Through the debates among the discussants, Marguerite also uses the opacity of intention to counter the refusal of Calvin and his followers to recognize as adiaphora Catholic practices they regarded as idolatrous, such as placing votive candles in front of statues. Cet article situe l’Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre dans le débat réformiste sur les adiaphora — les choses indifférentes au niveau théologique, qui sont rendues bonnes ou mauvaises par l’intention et la conscience du croyant. Il démontre que les adiaphora et leurs conséquences pour la liberté chrétienne et les rites catholiques prennent un sens tout à fait différent chez les réformateurs schismatiques (Luther et Calvin) de celui que lui donnent les réformateurs non schismatiques (Érasme, Lefèvre, Roussel), parmi lesquels Marguerite se range avec les Nouvelles 30, 65, et 72 de l’Heptaméron, où l’intention et la conscience l’emportent sur la cérémonie externe. À travers les disputes entre les devisants, Marguerite se sert également de l’opacité de l’intention afin de s’opposer au refus de Calvin de reconnaître comme des adiaphora les rites catholiques qu’il croyait idolâtres, notamment les cierges votifs.

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  • Francis, S., (2025), "Marguerite de Navarre, a Nicodemite? Adiaphora and Intention in Heptaméron 30, 65, and 72", HSSCommons: (DOI: )

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Original publication: Francis, Scott. "Marguerite de Navarre, a Nicodemite? Adiaphora and Intention in Heptaméron 30, 65, and 72." Renaissance and Reformation 39 (3): 2017. 5-31. DOI: 10.33137/rr.v39i3.27719. This material has been re-published in an unmodified form on the Canadian HSS Commons with the permission of Iter Canada / Renaissance and Reformation. Copyright © the author(s). Their work is distributed by Renaissance and Reformation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.

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