Symbiotic Anthropology and Politics in a Postmodern Age: Rethinking the Political Philosophy of Johannes Althusius (1557–1638)
Postmodern societies are increasingly characterized by a hyperpluralism that coincides with an interdependence between social spheres and structures. Actions in one sphere of life often impinge on other spheres of life. This leads to a consistent…
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Postmodern societies are increasingly characterized by a hyperpluralism that coincides with an interdependence between social spheres and structures. Actions in one sphere of life often impinge on other spheres of life. This leads to a consistent and endemic conflict between the social dynamics of plurality and the need for social unity. The symbiotic political theory of Johannes Althusius (1557–1638), which attempts to preserve unity through organized plurality, might be helpful in addressing the plurality/unity conundrum so characteristic of postmodern societies. Central to this approach are the anthropological and political notions of symbiosis, association, communication, and sharing. After providing some background to Althusius’s thought, this article discusses his symbiotic anthropology and explicates his symbiotic political theory. The article concludes by identifying five features of Althusius’s political theory that might be helpful to contemporary postmodern society. Les sociétés postmodernes se caractérisent de plus en plus par un hyper-pluralisme ethnoculturel qui coïncide avec une dépendance mutuelle croissante entre diverses sphères et structures sociales. Ce qui se fait dans l’une de ces sphères a souvent un impact sur d’autres. Il en découle un conflit systématique et permanent opposant la dynamique sociale du pluralisme et le besoin d’unité sociale. La théorie politique symbiotique de Johannes Althusius (1557–1638), qui cherche à maintenir l’unité par l’organisation du pluralisme, permettrait d’affronter la contradiction unité/pluralisme qui marque tant les sociétés postmodernes. Cette approche est fondée sur les notions politiques et anthropologiques de symbiose, d’association, de communication et de partage. Dans cet article, après avoir présenté quelques prémisses de la pensée d’Althusius, on examine son anthropologie de la symbiose et on analyse sa théorie politique de la symbiose. On termine l’article avec l’identification de cinq traits de la théorie politique d’Althusius qui pourraient être utiles aux sociétés postmodernes d’aujourd’hui.
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Original publication: Vorster, Nico. "Symbiotic Anthropology and Politics in a Postmodern Age: Rethinking the Political Philosophy of Johannes Althusius (1557–1638)." Renaissance and Reformation 38 (2): 2015. 27-52. DOI: 10.33137/rr.v38i2.25619. This material has been re-published in an unmodified form on the Canadian HSS Commons with the permission of Iter Canada / Renaissance and Reformation. Copyright © the author(s). Their work is distributed by Renaissance and Reformation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.
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