Between the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth, the Congregation of Artisans in Naples, spiritually led by the Jesuit Fr. Francesco De Geronimo, expressed its participation in the sufferings of Christ with a public procession that included elements of corporal penance. The ritual, meant to atone for one’s own sins and those of others, also served to generate community involvement. This article examines the penitential practices of the Congregation of Artisans by contextualizing them in the missionary work of the Society of Jesus and its mission in “the internal Indies.”

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• Rubini, P., (2025), "The Penitential Language of the Congregation of Artisans in the Neapolitan Pastoral Care of Francesco De Geronimo", HSSCommons: (DOI: )

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Original publication: Rubini, Pasquale. “The Penitential Language of the Congregation of Artisans in the Neapolitan Pastoral Care of Francesco De Geronimo.” Confraternitas 31 (1): 2021. 35-51. DOI: . This material has been re-published in an unmodified form on the Canadian HSS Commons with the permission of Iter Canada / Confraternitas. Copyright © the author(s). Their work is distributed by Confraternitas under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.