Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• Lee, E., (2025), "Venice, the Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797", HSSCommons: (DOI: )

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1. Renaissance and Reformation

Original publication: Lee, E. "Venice, the Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797." Renaissance and Reformation 12 (2): 2014. 109-111. DOI: 10.33137/rr.v12i2.12938. This material has been re-published in an unmodified form on the Canadian HSS Commons with the permission of Iter Canada / Renaissance and Reformation. Copyright © the author(s). Their work is distributed by Renaissance and Reformation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/.